engineering-toolbox
Engineering Toolbox
Hydraulic · Pneumatic · Mechanical · Electrical · Fluid Power — All calculations run in-browser
Units:
Hydraulic Cylinder Calculators Bore Area · Rod Area · Force · Pressure · Speed · Flow · Continuity · Rod Buckling
Rod End Area in²
in²
in
Must be less than bore diameter
—
A_rod-end = A_blind − π × (d_rod / 2)²
Extension & Retraction Force
psi
Typical: 1,500 – 5,000 psi
in²
in²
—
F_ext = P × A_blind | F_ret = P × A_rod-end
Pressure to Lift a Load
lbf
in²
—
P = F / A
Cylinder Speed
gpm
in²
—
v = 231 × Q / (60 × A) → in/s
Flow for Stroke Time
in²
in
sec
—
Q = (A × L / 231) × (60 / t) → gpm
Retraction Continuity rod-in → blind-out
in²
in²
gpm
—
Q_blind = (A_blind / A_rod) × Q_rod
Rod Buckling Check Euler
in
in
lbf
—
F_cr = π²×E×I / (K×L)² [Steel: E=30×10&sup6; psi]
Disclaimer: Results are for engineering guidance only. Always validate against OEM specifications and applicable safety standards before use in safety-critical applications.
Gear Pump Calculators Displacement · Horsepower · Flow · Replacement Sizing
Replacement tip: Match displacement (in³/rev) for equal flow at the same drive speed. Measure gear width W, bore diameter D, and bore-to-bore center length L. See tutorial video below.
Hydraulic Horsepower
gpm
psi
Typical gear pump max: 3,000 psi
—
HP = Q × P / 1714
Flow from Displacement & Speed
in³/rev
RPM
Typical: 600 – 3,000 RPM
—
Q = Disp × RPM / 231
Displacement from Flow & Speed
gpm
RPM
—
Disp = Q × 231 / RPM
Video Tutorial — How to Measure a Gear Pump for Replacement
LSHT Motor Calculators Low-Speed High-Torque · HP · Speed · Torque · Flow · Displacement
Motor Speed from HP & Torque
HP
lbf·ft
—
RPM = HP × 5252 / T
Torque from HP & Speed
HP
RPM
—
T = HP × 5252 / RPM
Torque from Displacement & Pressure
in³/rev
psi
0 – 1
—
T = (P × Disp × η) / (2π × 12) → lbf·ft
Flow & Displacement
in³/rev
RPM
—
gpm
RPM
—
Q = Disp×RPM/231 | Disp = Q×231/RPM
Pumps & Power Unit Calculators Flow Rate · Power · Reservoir · Complete HPU Sizing
Hydraulic & Shaft Power
gpm
psi
0 – 1
—
HP_hyd = Q×P/1714 | HP_shaft = HP_hyd/η
Reservoir Sizing
gpm
×
—
V_tank ≈ (3 – 5) × Q
Complete HPU Sizing Worksheet Full System
Enter your cylinder and cycle requirements — get a complete pump, motor, and tank specification in one step.
lbf
in
in
sec
RPM
0 – 1
—
Pneumatic Calculators Cylinder Force · Speed · Air Consumption · Hose Burst Pressure
Pneumatic Cylinder Force
psi
Typical shop air: 60 – 120 psi
in
in
—
F_ext = P×π×(D/2)² | F_ret = P×(A_bore−A_rod)
Air Consumption per Cycle
in
in
in
psi
—
Full extend + retract cycle. Multiply SCF × cycles/min for required SCFM.
Hose / Pipe Burst & Working Pressure Barlow
in
in
psi
× (min 4:1)
—
P_burst = 2×t×S/ID | P_work = P_burst/SF
Note: Pneumatic calculations assume dry air at standard conditions (14.7 psia, 68°F). Actual performance varies with temperature, humidity, and system efficiency.
Electrical Calculators Ohm’s Law · 1Φ/3Φ Motor Power · NEC Voltage Drop
Ohm’s Law Solve Any Unknown
Leave exactly one field blank — the missing value is solved automatically.
V
A
Ω
—
V = I×R | I = V/R | R = V/I
Motor Power 1Φ / 3Φ
V
Common: 120, 240, 480 V
A
0 – 1
0 – 1
—
P_3Φ = √3×V×I×PF | HP ≈ P×η / 746
Voltage Drop Copper · NEC
ft
A
V
—
Ω/1000 ft at 75°C Cu (NEC 310) · Loop = 2 × length · Ampacity: NEC 310.16
Mechanical Calculators Gear Ratio · Beam Deflection · Torque · Shaft Sizing
Gear Ratio
—
i = N_out / N_in | output RPM = input RPM / i
Beam Deflection Simply Supported · Center Load
lbf
ft
psi
in&sup4;
—
δ = F × L³ / (48 × E × I)
Torque
lbf
ft
—
T = F × r
Shaft Diameter Torsion Sizing
lbf·in
psi
—
d = ∛(16 × T / π × τ)
Advanced Fluid Tools Viscosity · Pressure Drop · Cv · Orifice · Heat Rejection · Hoop Stress · Accumulators · Line Velocity
Fluid Viscosity vs. Temperature ASTM D341
°F
Normal operating range: 100 – 160°F
—
Uses ASTM D341 Walther equation: log·log(ν+0.7) = A − B·log(T_K)
Pressure Drop Darcy–Weisbach
gpm
in
ft
lb/ft³
cP
AW-46 at 100°F ≈ 46 cP · at 140°F ≈ 20 cP
in
—
Swamee–Jain (turbulent) | f=64/Re (laminar, Re < 2300)
Line Velocity & Recommended ID
gpm
ft/s
—
Rules: Suction 2–4 ft/s · Pressure 10–20 ft/s · Return 6–10 ft/s
Orifice Flow Liquids
in
psi
lb/ft³
—
Q = Cd × A × √(2ΔP / ρ)
Heat Rejection & Cooler Sizing
gpm
psi
0 – 1
—
HP_loss = HP_in×(1−η) | BTU/h = HP_loss×2545
Shop Coolers → Pipe / Hose Hoop Stress & Safety Factor
psi
in
in
psi
—
σ_hoop ≈ P×ID/(2t) | SF = S_ult / σ
Accumulator Sizing & Energy
psi
psi
gal
—
Energy Stored
psi
psi
gal
—
Disclaimer: Always validate against OEM data and applicable engineering and safety standards before use in safety-critical applications.
Unit Conversions Length · Pressure · Temperature · Flow · Force · Torque · Power · Viscosity
Length
—
Pressure
—
Temperature
—
Flow Rate
—
Force
—
Torque
—
Power
—
Viscosity
—
For oil: cP ≈ cSt × SG. SSU ≈ 4.635 × cSt (for cSt > 32).
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Contact Information
Product / System Requirements
psi
gpm
—
Or contact us directly: 734-479-9641 | [email protected]
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Help & Usage Notes
How to Use This Toolbox
- Select a category tab at the top, fill in the input fields, then tap Calculate or press Enter.
- Tap Copy on any result box to copy the value to your clipboard.
- Use the US / Metric toggle in the header to switch unit systems instantly.
- Tap the ? icons next to labels for context, typical ranges, and engineering notes.
- On the Hydraulic tab, → Send to buttons pass an area result into another calculator automatically.
- All calculations run entirely in your browser — no data is sent to any server.
- Ohm’s Law: Leave exactly one field blank — the solver fills it in automatically.
- Accumulator: n=1.0 isothermal (slow), n=1.4 adiabatic (fast), n=1.2 typical.
- Darcy–Weisbach: Swamee–Jain for turbulent flow; f=64/Re for laminar (Re < 2300).
- Voltage Drop: NEC 310 copper table at 75°C; loop = 2 × one-way length. Ampacity: NEC 310.16.
- Rod Buckling: Euler column formula, steel E=30×10&sup6; psi. For slenderness ratio < 120, Johnson’s formula may be more accurate.
- Hose Burst: Barlow thin-wall formula. SAE J517 requires minimum 4:1 safety factor.
- Viscosity: ASTM D341 Walther equation. ISO VG grade = kinematic viscosity in cSt at 40°C.
Disclaimer: This toolbox is for engineering guidance only. Patriot Hydraulics / Federal Fluid Power assumes no liability for errors in data nor in the safe and/or satisfactory operation of equipment designed from this information. Always validate results against OEM data and applicable engineering and safety standards. Results do not substitute for qualified engineering judgment.